{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "kind": "condition",
  "id": "seizure",
  "name": "Seizure (Convulsion)",
  "category": "acute",
  "sources": "Egyptian National Drug Formulary - nervous-2025.pdf, Diazepam monograph (chapter PDF p21) · Lovik K, Murr NI. Seizure. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-.",
  "review_status": "reviewed",
  "verified_against": "Egyptian National Drug Formulary - nervous-2025.pdf, Diazepam monograph (chapter PDF p21) · Lovik K, Murr NI. Seizure. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-.",
  "verified_date": "2026-08",
  "treatments": [
    {
      "id": 1663,
      "generic": "Diazepam",
      "line": 1,
      "is_adjunct": false,
      "form": "injection",
      "strength_mg": null,
      "adult_dose": "5-10 mg IV (preferred) or IM initially by slow injection; may repeat every 10-15 minutes if needed up to a maximum of 30 mg; if necessary repeat again after 2-4 hours, with caution in chronic lung disease or unstable cardiovascular status.",
      "adult_duration": "Single acute treatment episode for an ongoing seizure/status epilepticus; not for regular daily use.",
      "dose_source": "Egyptian National Drug Formulary - nervous-2025.pdf, Diazepam monograph (chapter PDF p21)",
      "rationale": "Diazepam is the first-line benzodiazepine for terminating an acute seizure or status epilepticus while arrangements are made for urgent transfer/referral.",
      "cautions": [
        "Given by injection, not by mouth: the dose is the IV/IM status-epilepticus line.",
        "Diazepam is only for terminating an active seizure or status epilepticus - it is not a maintenance anticonvulsant.",
        "There is a risk of respiratory depression, especially given IV or with other sedatives - have resuscitation support available.",
        "A seizure lasting several minutes, or repeated seizures without recovery between them, is status epilepticus - a medical emergency needing urgent transfer.",
        "Fever with seizure and neck stiffness suggests meningitis/encephalitis - treat and refer urgently.",
        "A first seizure in an adult needs urgent work-up for a structural or metabolic cause once terminated.",
        "Seizure in pregnancy with high blood pressure suggests eclampsia - manage as an obstetric emergency.",
        "Maintenance antiepileptics (levetiracetam, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, valproate) do NOT stop an active seizure and are not on this page. They are under Epilepsy (continuing therapy), which is where a repeat prescription belongs."
      ],
      "peds_mgkg_low": null,
      "peds_mgkg_high": null,
      "peds_max_mg": null,
      "peds_basis": null,
      "peds_unit": null,
      "peds_note": "Paediatric status-epilepticus dosing (including rectal/buccal routes) is specialist-set and is not reproduced here; arrange urgent transfer for any convulsing child.",
      "peds_min_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_max_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_age_min_months": null,
      "peds_age_max_months": null,
      "peds_age_bands": null,
      "peds_doses": null,
      "brands": [
        {
          "trade_name": "VALPAM 5 MG/ML 3 AMP.",
          "scientific_name": null,
          "normalized_ingredient": null,
          "manufacturer": "AMOUN",
          "price_egp": 6.0,
          "pack_count": null,
          "unit_price": null,
          "strength_mg": 5.0,
          "exact_strength": true,
          "exact_form": true,
          "discontinued": false,
          "also_contains": null
        },
        {
          "trade_name": "EPIVAL 10MG/2ML 3 AMP.",
          "scientific_name": null,
          "normalized_ingredient": null,
          "manufacturer": "EIPICO",
          "price_egp": 15.0,
          "pack_count": null,
          "unit_price": null,
          "strength_mg": 10.0,
          "exact_strength": true,
          "exact_form": true,
          "discontinued": false,
          "also_contains": null
        },
        {
          "trade_name": "NEURIL 10MG/2ML 5 AMP.",
          "scientific_name": null,
          "normalized_ingredient": null,
          "manufacturer": "MEMPHIS",
          "price_egp": 40.0,
          "pack_count": null,
          "unit_price": null,
          "strength_mg": 10.0,
          "exact_strength": true,
          "exact_form": true,
          "discontinued": false,
          "also_contains": null
        }
      ],
      "condition_id": "seizure"
    }
  ]
}