# Ebola Virus Disease

- Category: chronic
- Review status: reviewed (every claim checked against a document named on this page)
- Sources: Ebola Virus Disease - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK560579) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560579/ · ICPC-3 (WONCA International Classification of Primary Care, 3rd edition) class AD14.03 - condition scope only, no dose · No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care
- Verified date: 2026-08

## Verified against

- No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care

## Treatment metadata

- No drug therapy in primary care (Recognition & Referral)

## Complete treatment card

```text
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
Sources: Ebola Virus Disease - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK560579) -
         https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560579/ · ICPC-3 (WONCA International Classification
         of Primary Care, 3rd edition) class AD14.03 - condition scope only, no dose · No dose -
         referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care
Review status: REVIEWED against the source listed above  (2026-08)

IS IT THIS? - reference only, to read alongside your own examination
  SYMPTOMS - what the patient reports (5)
    - Sudden fever with malaise, headache, poor appetite, and muscle aches marks the onset  [fever ·
      headache · malaise · muscle pain · poor appetite]
    - Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea follow the initial fever phase  [abdominal pain
      · diarrhoea · fever · nausea · vomiting]
    - Red eyes, sore throat, and hiccups can also occur  [hiccups · sore throat]
    - Breathlessness, cough, confusion, and prostration develop as the illness advances
      [breathlessness · confusion · cough]
    - Travel to an Ebola outbreak area within 2 to 21 days before symptom onset is a key exposure
      history
  SIGNS - what you find (3)
    - A maculopapular rash with bleeding from mucous membranes, skin, eyes, nose, or ears can appear
      later in the early phase  [bleeding · rash]
    - Fluid losses can average 3 to 5 liters a day and reach as much as 10 liters daily
    - Patients later in the illness, with higher viral loads, may present severely ill and in shock
      [shock]
  TESTS (7)
    - A complete blood count evaluates hemoglobin, platelets, and white cell counts
    - A metabolic panel can show acute kidney injury, electrolyte derangements, high liver enzymes,
      and low blood sugar
    - A coagulation profile - PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, INR - is monitored to detect coagulopathy
    - RT-PCR testing for the viral nucleoprotein or glycoprotein is the most sensitive diagnostic
      test
    - Rapid lateral flow tests show a pooled sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 95% against RT-
      PCR
    - Ebola IgM cannot be detected until at least 6 days after symptom onset
    - Chest x-ray is used to check for pulmonary edema from capillary leak syndrome
  IF NOT THIS - what else fits (3)
    - Marburg virus, Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue, Rift Valley fever, and
      other bunyaviruses can also cause hemorrhage in a febrile patient
    - Illnesses with a similar early prodrome include malaria, typhoid fever, measles,
      leptospirosis, influenza, and COVID-19
    - Gastroenteritis from shigella, rotavirus, or norovirus can mimic the early gastrointestinal
      symptoms
  Source  StatPearls "Ebola Virus Disease" - disease-level clinical article
  Status  traced to the source above

1. NO DRUG THERAPY IN PRIMARY CARE (RECOGNITION & REFERRAL)[1st line]
   Adult    Severe viral haemorrhagic fever with high mortality and no local transmission risk in
            Egypt. A returning traveller from an active outbreak country with fever must be isolated
            and reported immediately rather than worked up as routine fever. - Refer
   Peds     Children follow the same pathway: recognise and refer. No primary-care medicine is
            implied.
   Source   No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care
   Why      Severe viral haemorrhagic fever with high mortality and no local transmission risk in
            Egypt. A returning traveller from an active outbreak country with fever must be isolated
            and reported immediately rather than worked up as routine fever.
   Caution  Not endemic in Egypt. Relevant to a returning traveller or an imported case; consider
            the travel history before anything else.
            No medicine is prescribed for this in primary care - this entry is for recognition and
            referral. Anything given is decided by the service it is referred to.
            RED FLAG - Fever plus travel to an active Ebola outbreak area in the past 21 days, or
            bleeding or haemorrhagic signs: a suspected case needs immediate isolation and health-
            authority notification, not outpatient management.

Prices are indicative (dataset snapshot 2026-06); verify with the pharmacy.
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