Dawaa Reference

Clinical reference

Dyslexia

Treatment options, dosing, cautions and Egyptian brands from the shipped Dawaa Reference card.

Evidence status

Checked against the sources named below

Sources3 sources

Dyslexia - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK557668) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557668/ · ICPC-3 (WONCA International Classification of Primary Care, 3rd edition) class PS20.03 - condition scope only, no dose · No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care

Verified against1 document
  • No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care

Verified date2026-08

Presentation reference

Is it this?

Reference only, to read alongside your own examination.

Symptoms — what the patient reports (6)

  • Preschoolers at risk may struggle to rhyme, confuse similar-sounding words, or have trouble learning letter names
  • An inability to learn letters by kindergarten or first grade is a strong predictor of later reading trouble
  • By the end of first grade, at-risk children cannot read words and have difficulty spelling [reading difficulty]
  • From second grade on, poor school performance and dislike of school may appear [learning difficulty]
  • Physical complaints can appear when it is time to head to school or when work is due
  • Affected children tend to avoid reading, which exposes them to fewer words and deepens the deficiency

Signs — what you find (1)

  • The physical exam is otherwise standard, aimed at finding clues to another neurological, medical, or genetic cause

Tests (6)

  • Suspected dyslexia warrants an initial hearing and vision screen
  • Lab or imaging tests are not usually needed unless the history or exam points to another cause
  • fMRI is used only for research and does not establish the diagnosis
  • Suspected cases are referred to the school system, where reading ability, executive function, and IQ are tested
  • Even with a family risk, developing early letter-naming ability markedly lowers the chance of dyslexia
  • Weak letter-naming at 4.5 to 5.5 years combined with good phonological awareness also lowers the risk

If not this — what else fits (8)

  • Hearing impairment is on the differential
  • Vision impairment is on the differential
  • Educational deficits - reduced exposure, more absences, or poor instruction - are on the differential
  • Cognitive impairment is on the differential
  • Learning disabilities are on the differential
  • Toxin exposure such as lead poisoning is on the differential
  • Familial dysfunction is on the differential
  • Emotional illness is on the differential

SourceStatPearls "Dyslexia" - disease-level clinical article

Presentation findings are traced to the source above.

1

NO DRUG THERAPY IN PRIMARY CARE (REFERRAL & ADVICE)

1st line
Adult dose and duration

A specific learning difficulty causing impaired reading and word decoding despite normal vision and intelligence; there is no medication, so the GP's role is recognition and referral for educational/psychological assessment and specialist teaching support. - Refer, with advice

Paediatric dose

Children follow the same pathway: recognise and refer. No primary-care medicine is implied.

Dose source

No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care

Why

A specific learning difficulty causing impaired reading and word decoding despite normal vision and intelligence; there is no medication, so the GP's role is recognition and referral for educational/psychological assessment and specialist teaching support.

Cautions
  • No medicine is prescribed for this in primary care - this entry is for recognition and referral. Anything given is decided by the service it is referred to.
  • RED FLAG - Reading difficulty accompanied by broader developmental or intellectual delay needs a wider assessment rather than a diagnosis of dyslexia alone.

Prices are indicative (dataset snapshot 2026-06); verify with the pharmacy.