Dawaa Reference

Clinical reference

Behavioural sleep problems in children (bedtime resistance and night waking)

Treatment options, dosing, cautions and Egyptian brands from the shipped Dawaa Reference card.

Evidence status

Checked against the sources named below

Sources5 sources

Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK585109) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585109/ · Sleep Disorder - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK560720) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560720/ · Melatonin - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK534823) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/ · Behavioural sleep problems in children - disease-level clinical article (behavioural-sleep-problem-child-full.txt) · Behavioural sleep problems in children - disease-level clinical article (behavioural-sleep-problem-child-clinical.txt)

Verified against5 documents
  • Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK585109) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585109/
  • Sleep Disorder - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK560720) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560720/
  • Melatonin - StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf NBK534823) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/
  • Behavioural sleep problems in children - disease-level clinical article (behavioural-sleep-problem-child-full.txt)
  • Behavioural sleep problems in children - disease-level clinical article (behavioural-sleep-problem-child-clinical.txt)

Verified date2026-08

1

SLEEP SCHEDULE, SLEEP HYGIENE AND BEHAVIOURAL MEASURES (NO DRUG THERAPY)

1st line
Dose source

Behavioural sleep problems in children - disease-level clinical article (behavioural-sleep-problem-child-full.txt)

Why

The intervention is time in bed and the routine around it, not a medicine. The article's line is that managing insufficient sleep means extending total sleep time until it matches what the child's age requires, and it names the pieces a behavioural programme is built from: sleep hygiene, stimulus control, relaxation training and exercise. It also advises starting early - insufficient sleep is common once children reach school age, and counselling the family young helps them build good sleep habits.

Cautions
  • HOW MUCH SLEEP IS ENOUGH - the AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine), together with the Sleep Research Society, puts the floor at 9 hours between 6 and 12 years of age, 8 hours through adolescence, and 7 hours or more for an adult. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109) Measure the complaint against that before treating it.
  • A CHILD SHORT OF SLEEP DOES NOT LOOK SLEEPY - the sleep-disorder article puts it plainly: sleep disorders are common at every age, but a child does not present the way an adult does. Instead of visible sleepiness, expect overactivity, poor attention, irritability or defiance. (Sleep Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK560720) The child brought in for being naughty or inattentive may be the child who is not sleeping.
  • THE MEASURES - sleep hygiene teaching comes down to no caffeine, nicotine or alcohol near bedtime, the same hours for going to bed and getting up, and no napping in the day. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)
  • SAME BEDTIME, SAME WAKE TIME, INCLUDING AT WEEKENDS - sleeping at hours that vary brings daytime sleepiness with it; holding them steady puts the child back in step with the body's own sleep regulation, and sleep health improves with it. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)
  • CAP THE DAYTIME NAP - a nap in the day interferes with the pressure to sleep that builds through it, and anything past 30 minutes is advised against. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)
  • THE TEA AND THE COLA MATTER MORE THAN THE HOUR - caffeine stimulates by blocking adenosine receptors in the basal forebrain and the hypothalamus, and it can still disturb sleep taken as much as 6 hours before bed. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109) Six hours before a 21:00 bedtime is 15:00.
  • MOVEMENT AND WIND-DOWN - exercise taken regularly belongs in sleep hygiene teaching, and has lengthened total sleep and slow-wave sleep. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109) Relaxation and mindfulness are advised too, and have made sleep better in quality. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)
  • WHY IT IS WORTH THE EFFORT - too little sleep in a young child tracks with impulsiveness, depressive symptoms and doing badly at school. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)
  • IT IS REVERSIBLE - the physical and psychological harms of lost sleep are real, but the sleep loss itself is a risk factor that can be changed, and it reverses. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)
  • KEEP A SLEEP DIARY BEFORE CHANGING ANYTHING - the sleep-disorder article describes it as the family's own written record, kept on paper over weeks or months, of when the child slept and when they were awake (Sleep Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK560720), noting the time of going to bed, how long it took to fall asleep, how many times the child woke and for how long, and when they napped. (Sleep Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK560720) It turns a vague complaint into something that can be measured.
2

REFERRAL & SAFETY-NETTING (NO DRUG THERAPY)

1st line
Dose source

Behavioural sleep problems in children - disease-level clinical article (behavioural-sleep-problem-child-clinical.txt)

Why

A child who will not sleep is usually a routine problem and occasionally an airway or neurological one. Below are the differential the article insists on excluding, and the reason melatonin is refused rather than offered.

Cautions
  • NO MELATONIN DOSE IS PRINTED HERE. The melatonin article states no paediatric indication and no paediatric dose, and says the dose question is open even in adults: "Effective dosing for melatonin is not well-defined as the FDA does not regulate it as a drug. Melatonin dosages used in studies have ranged from 0.1 mg to 10 mg, typically administered up to 2 hours before bedtime. The maximum dosage has not been defined in trials." With no dose claim quotable from any opened document, none is invented.
  • WHAT IS IN THE BOTTLE IS NOT WHAT IS ON THE LABEL - "A study examining 31 melatonin supplements discovered that the actual melatonin content varied widely, ranging from -83% to +478% of the labeled content." and "The FDA does not regulate supplements as rigorously as pharmaceutical drugs". Melatonin sells over the counter in Egypt in 1, 3 and 5 mg strengths, which makes this worse rather than better.
  • CHILDREN ARE BEING POISONED BY IT - an analysis in the morbidity and mortality report is alarming: paediatric melatonin overdoses reported in a year rose from 8000 in 2012 to over 52,000 in 2021, and 15% of those children needed admission. (Melatonin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK534823)
  • AND IT IS NOT HARMLESS JUST BECAUSE THE BODY MAKES IT - give an infant melatonin and the level goes above anything the body produces on its own, so reasoning from the fact that it is a natural hormone to the conclusion that it is safe can mislead. (Melatonin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK534823)
  • RED FLAG - SNORING, PAUSES, MOUTH BREATHING. Sleep-disordered breathing sits in the differential of curtailed sleep, alongside the central disorders of hypersomnolence - narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, and hypersomnia arising from a medical condition, a medicine, substance use or a psychiatric disorder. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109) A snoring child with witnessed apnoeas goes to the paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea pathway, not to a bedtime routine.
  • RED FLAG - EVENTS IN THE NIGHT. The parasomnias - walking in sleep, confusional arousals, terrors, talking in sleep and nightmares - are common, childhood included. (Sleep Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK560720) What separates a night terror from a nightmare is waking and recall: from a nightmare the child can be woken fully alert, and can afterwards describe it. (Sleep Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK560720)
  • EXCLUDE THE REST OF THE LIST BEFORE CALLING IT BEHAVIOURAL - the article's differential also holds chronic insomnia, the circadian rhythm sleep disorders, affective disorder, and periodic limb movement disorder.
  • AN ADOLESCENT WHO CANNOT FALL ASLEEP UNTIL 02:00 AND CANNOT WAKE FOR SCHOOL is a circadian problem, and the article separates these with a careful clinical assessment, sleep diaries and polysomnography.
  • SLEEP AND WEIGHT PULL ON EACH OTHER - too little sleep upsets metabolism, goes with altered expression of the genes and hormones that run it, and can set a child up for obesity. (Sleep Insufficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf, NBK585109)

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