{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "kind": "condition",
  "id": "astigmatism",
  "name": "Astigmatism",
  "category": "chronic",
  "sources": "ICPC-3 (WONCA International Classification of Primary Care, 3rd edition) class FD69.00 - condition scope only, no dose · No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care · Subjective Refraction Technique: Astigmatic Dial - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589695/",
  "review_status": "reviewed",
  "verified_against": "No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care · Astigmatism - disease-level clinical article (astigmatism-clinical.txt)",
  "verified_date": "2026-08",
  "treatments": [
    {
      "id": 217,
      "generic": "No drug therapy in primary care (Recognition & Referral)",
      "line": 1,
      "is_adjunct": false,
      "form": null,
      "strength_mg": null,
      "adult_dose": "A refractive error causing blurred vision from uneven corneal/lens curvature. Universally common. There is nothing to prescribe; management is corrective lenses or refractive surgery, so the GP's role is recognising it and referring to an optometrist or ophthalmologist.",
      "adult_duration": "Refer",
      "dose_source": "No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care",
      "rationale": "A refractive error causing blurred vision from uneven corneal/lens curvature. Universally common. There is nothing to prescribe; management is corrective lenses or refractive surgery, so the GP's role is recognising it and referring to an optometrist or ophthalmologist.",
      "cautions": [
        "RED FLAG - Rapidly progressive astigmatism in a young patient (suspected keratoconus): assess urgently and refer.",
        "No medicine is prescribed for this in primary care - this entry is for recognition and referral. Anything given is decided by the service it is referred to.",
        "RED FLAG - Untreated astigmatism in childhood can cause permanent, irreversible vision loss (amblyopia), which makes prompt referral considerably more urgent in a child than in an adult.",
        "RED FLAG - A sudden change in vision, or eye pain or redness accompanying the visual complaint (which suggests a separate diagnosis): assess urgently and refer."
      ],
      "peds_mgkg_low": null,
      "peds_mgkg_high": null,
      "peds_max_mg": null,
      "peds_basis": null,
      "peds_unit": null,
      "peds_note": "Children follow the same pathway: recognise and refer. No primary-care medicine is implied.",
      "peds_min_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_max_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_age_min_months": null,
      "peds_age_max_months": null,
      "peds_age_bands": null,
      "peds_doses": null,
      "brands": [],
      "condition_id": "astigmatism"
    }
  ]
}